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Original Scientific Article
The Longitudinal Study of Surgical Residents, 1994 to 1996
Francis Kwakwa, MA, Olga Jonasson, MD, FACS
Background: The American College of Surgeons (ACS)
has conducted a detailed annual survey of residents enrolled
in surgical graduate medical education (GME) programs since 1982
and has regularly published the resulting data as the Longitudinal
Study of Surgical Residents. This report documents surgical resident
enrollment and graduation for the academic years 1994-95 and
1995-96.
Study Design: The Medical Education Research and Information
Database of the American Medical Association was supplemented
by the existing ACS Resident Masterfile and by personal
contact with program directors and their staffs to verify accuracy
and completeness of reporting. Each resident was tracked individually
through surgical GME.
Results: The total number of surgical residents graduating
from surgical GME in 1995 and 1996 has not changed since 1982.
Most graduates of surgical residency programs are in obstetrics
and gynecology, followed by general surgery; demographic analysis
of the graduating cohort shows that most are Caucasian male graduates
of US or Canadian medical schools, and that their age at graduation
is 33 to 35 years. International medical graduates (IMG) make
up 8.9% of entering surgical residents and 6% of graduates. Osteopathic
medical school graduates account for 1.2% to 1.3% of entering
and graduating surgical residents.
Women represent 27% of entering and 23% to 24% of graduates
of surgical GME. The largest number and proportion of women in
surgical GME are enrolled in obstetrics and gynecology residency
programs, where they make up the majority of entering and graduating
classes. When all other surgical residency program enrollments
are considered together, women make up 17% and 16% of entering
residents in 1994 and 1995, respectively, and 13% and 14% of
graduates in those years.
Conclusions: Surgical GME enrollment and graduation
is stable. Few women and ethnic minorities are enrolled in surgical
residency programs. IMG enrollment and graduation in surgical
GME is low. (J Am Coll Surg 1999;188:575-585. © 1999 by
the American College of Surgeons)
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